Baselines & method taxonomy

Tables of method classes and commonly compared baselines.

Tip

Use Method classes to compare approaches, and Baseline methods to reproduce literature tables.

Method classes

High-level taxonomy used across this website. Each row links to the Research table with a class filter.

Method class# papersCore objective (template)
PINN / physics-constrained143
\[u_\theta = \mathrm{NN}_\theta(x,t)\\qquad \mathcal{N}[u]=0\ \text{(PDE residual)}\] \[\min_\theta\ \underbrace{\|u_\theta- u_{data}\|^2}_{\mathcal{L}_{data}} + \lambda\underbrace{\|\mathcal{N}[u_\theta]\|^2}_{\mathcal{L}_{PDE}} + \mu\underbrace{\|\mathcal{B}[u_\theta]\|^2}_{\mathcal{L}_{BC/IC}}\]
View papers
Operator learning81
\[G_\theta: a(\cdot)\mapsto u(\cdot)\ \ \text{(solution operator)}\] \[\min_\theta\ \sum_i \|G_\theta(a_i)-u_i\|^2\ \ \text{(+ optional physics / residual regularization)}\]
View papers
SciML44
\[\text{A broad bucket: see the method class tags for the closest training objective.}\]
View papers
Graph / mesh13
\[h_i^{(\ell+1)} = \phi\Big(h_i^{(\ell)},\ \sum_{j\in\mathcal{N}(i)} \psi(h_i^{(\ell)},h_j^{(\ell)},e_{ij})\Big)\] \[\min_\theta\ \sum_t\ \|u_{t+1}-\mathrm{GNN}_\theta(u_t,\text{mesh})\|^2\ \ \text{(rollout / one-step)}\]
View papers
Diffusion12
\[x_t = \alpha(t)\,x_0 + \sigma(t)\,\epsilon\ ,\ \epsilon\sim\mathcal{N}(0,I)\] \[\min_\theta\ \mathbb{E}_{t,x_0,\epsilon}\ \|\epsilon-\epsilon_\theta(x_t,t,c)\|^2\ \ \text{(conditioning }c: \text{measurements/masks)}\]
View papers
Benchmark4
\[\text{(No single method.) Benchmarks define datasets, masks, metrics, and protocols.}\]
View papers
Transformers3
\[\mathrm{Attn}(Q,K,V)=\mathrm{softmax}(QK^\top/\sqrt{d})V\ \ \text{(global token mixing)}\]
View papers
CNN / U-Net1
\[\text{A broad bucket: see the method class tags for the closest training objective.}\]
View papers

Baseline methods (curated pages)

Baseline lists are only available on manually curated paper pages. This table summarizes what is currently extracted.

Baseline method# curated papersExamples
FNO20FunDPS, PRISMA, VideoPDESearch
U-Net13Conditional diffusion for PDE simulations, SineNet, CNOSearch
DeepONet11FunDPS, PRISMA, VideoPDESearch
Numerical solver11GenCast, FengWu, FourCastNetSearch
PINN8PDEBench, FBPINNs, PINN Grad PathologiesSearch
ResNet5PDE-Refiner, PDEArena, PDEBenchSearch
PINO4FunDPS, PRISMA, VideoPDESearch
Transformer4Poseidon, SineNet, PDEArenaSearch
DiffusionPDE3FunDPS, PRISMA, VideoPDESearch
GraphCast3GenCast, FengWu, NeuralGCMSearch
PDE-FIND3PDE-Net 2.0, Deep HPM, PDE-NetSearch
U-NO3DiffusionPDE, U-WNO, CNOSearch
DGM2PINN, DeepBSDESearch
ECMWF IFS2GraphCast, Pangu-WeatherSearch
FourCastNet2FengWu, GraphCastSearch
Pangu-Weather2FengWu, GraphCastSearch
WNO2U-WNO, CNOSearch
CNO1U-WNOSearch
Deep Ritz1PINNSearch
DeepBSDE1DGMSearch
Diffusion inpainting baseline1DiffusionPDESearch
ECMWF ENS1GenCastSearch
FCN1FNOSearch
FCN / plain encoder–decoder CNNs1U-NetSearch
FNN1DeepONetSearch
FunDPS1PRISMASearch
GCN1FNOSearch
GKN1MGNOSearch
GNO1FNOSearch
LNO1FNOSearch
MGNO1FNOSearch
PCA-NN1FNOSearch
PDE-Net1PDE-Net 2.0Search
PDE-Refiner1Conditional diffusion for PDE simulationsSearch
Persistence1FourCastNetSearch
RBM1FNOSearch
SINDy1PDE-FINDSearch
TF-Net1FNOSearch
Traditional GCM1NeuralGCMSearch
U-WNO1DiffusionPDESearch
XPINN1FBPINNsSearch